Psychology is defined as the study of behavior and mental processes. There are several different perspectives that one can view psychology. These include biological which focuses on physical causes for a certain behavior. Evolutionary which highlights how evolution and natural selection influence behavior and can be related back to functionalism. Cognitive focuses on thoughts and interpretations based on memory, expectations, and beliefs among other things. Psychodynamic (largely based on Freud) focuses on internal often unconscious desires and childhood conflicts. Behavioral focuses on how external causes of behavior such as reward and punishment. Sociocultural focuses on how society and culture influence behavior such as gender and economic status. Finally, a humanistic view focuses on choice and free will influenced by how you view and feel about yourself. I find myself most drawn to an eccelectic view. I think that all perspectives interact and in a sense balance each other out. You could argue that a biological view is only possible because of evolution and natural selection, that choice, free will, and behavior are based largely on what the society we live in find acceptable, and that expectations and beliefs are formed in childhood.
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The eclectic approach is the standard in the field of psychology. To disregard any perspective would narrow our ability to look at issues. If we do have a tendency to favor one perspective we need to be aware of it. What is interesting is that our biology is not only affected by evolution and genetics but biology is effected by the environment.
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Hm, like I heard there is something called brain plasticity, where the brain can physically change according to what it learns or after suffering from damage.
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Yes, this is correct. We will learn about how neuro-psychology is finding out how much plasticity is relevant in the brains ability to accommodate and repair itself. They are finding even with Alzheimer's that with stimulation the brain can show "healthy" change.